客委會：客家文化與戲劇妝扮美學，辦理「客家戲曲妝扮美感探索」課程成果發表

客家文化具有豐富多元特色，除了帶有古代中原漢民族的典雅，同時具有台灣山林之間的自然大美，質樸之中有著不受拘束的奔放生命力。課程中介紹包含：花布紋樣（牡丹、幾何圖案）與色彩（客庄橘、山林綠、花布紅等）、生活器物（油紙傘、斗笠、藍衫、米篩）與圖騰（方口獅、麒麟）。融入配合戲曲造型讓學習者對於客家美學及應用建立基礎的認識，拓展生活美感經驗。

課程內容從客家發展淵遠流長的脈絡進行講述，從歷史層面來解釋「客」家的緣由，以及從中原遷徙東南發展歷史。並將戲曲的發展進行梳理結合客家文化來分享傳統三腳採茶戲的獨特文化，並說明如何在台灣融合歌仔戲與京劇特色，發展成獨具特色的客家大戲，以及當前新世代的客家戲曲發展趨勢。並分析在戲曲之中演員妝扮的特色與不同角色之間的差異，讓學生建立基本的知識基礎。課程邀請相關專書作者陳俊中老師分享客家族群與文化傳承。

客家戲曲（如採茶戲、客家大戲）造型元素承襲傳統戲曲模式，並融合客家質樸風格。臉譜與化妝以黑、紅、白為主，象徵剛勇、忠賢、陰險奸詐等不同性格。小生、花旦多為淡妝，以白底與紅妝強調臉部色彩，並著重眼神的黑筆勾勒表現出鳳眼；丑角則有獨特的「豆腐塊」抹白鼻子，展現幽默性格。服裝除了正式戲服，傳統採茶戲服裝較輕便，常見客家花布、碎花元素，反映農村生活。客家戲曲造型元素整體展現「真、善、美」，並體現客家人勤勞、樸實的特色。

戲曲化妝應用普通化妝知識以及技巧，轉化為舞台上演員的光鮮亮麗，具體呈現出觀眾眼中的舞台生命百態，在劇情的宛轉之中融入到情緒感知。戲曲化妝示範課程主要讓學生觀摩如何將自己妝扮成客家戲曲人物，透過潛移默化的觀摩到動手實作過程實際感受文化之美以及自我實現的成就感。

指導學生進行簡單的基礎戲曲髮型梳理，藉由身體力行的動手做來讓學生實際體驗，客家戲曲妝造的多元美感應用，以及在實作過程之中來讓知識與技術深度融合，而不是只有聽過跟看過的淺層學習過程。練習方式以分組練習為主，強調彼此相互合作，完成課堂指定的戲劇髮型練習成果。

客家戲曲的演繹，除了適當的妝扮之外，主要依靠演員本身的專業表演能力，包含身段肢體動作以及表演技巧。為了讓學生們能在期末順利完成客家戲曲情境展演學習，深入體驗客家文化之美，邀請知名客家戲曲演員及研究者邱孟姍擔任業師，進行戲劇肢體動作現場指導練習，以客家戲曲基礎身段與手部姿勢為主，讓學生們在知識與身體律動交織的學習中，能夠深刻的感受客家文化帶來的感動。

期末客家戲曲展演體驗學習，是整個計畫最完美的情境教育也是計畫總結，藉由學習過程的歷史、妝造、道具、肢體動作等客家多元文化學習，整合成舞台表演的展現。學生選定客家戲曲《六國封相．蘇秦》作為期末展演，強調戰國縱橫家蘇秦在困境中堅持「硬頸」精神。針對展演所需要的準備，師生合作一起完成準備，也是一次很好的教學相長過程。為了讓學生們在練習過程中能夠得到專業的客家戲曲知識，邀請業師共同進行示範與解說指導，獲得良好的學習成果。

Hakka Culture and Opera Aesthetics Course

Hakka culture is rich and diverse. It embodies both the elegance of the ancient Central Plains Han traditions and the natural beauty of Taiwan’s mountains and forests. Within its simplicity lies an unrestrained vitality. The course introduces elements such as:

• Floral fabric patterns (peony, geometric motifs) and colors (Hakka orange, forest green, floral red)

• Everyday objects (oil-paper umbrellas, bamboo hats, indigo shirts, rice sieves)

• Totems (square-mouthed lion, qilin)

These are integrated with opera styling to help learners build a foundational understanding of Hakka aesthetics and applications, expanding their appreciation of everyday beauty.

The course traces the long historical development of the Hakka, explaining the origins of the “guest” identity and the migration from the Central Plains to Southeast Asia. It also outlines the evolution of opera, connecting it with Hakka culture to highlight the unique tradition of the three-person tea-picking opera. The course explains how Taiwanese opera and Peking opera elements merged to form distinctive Hakka grand opera, and explores current trends in new-generation Hakka opera. Students will analyze the features of opera makeup and costumes, learning the differences between roles to establish basic knowledge. The course invites Professor Chen Junzhong, author of specialized works, to share insights on Hakka communities and cultural heritage.

Hakka Opera Styling: Hakka opera (such as tea-picking opera and grand opera) inherits traditional opera forms while blending Hakka simplicity. Facial makeup uses black, red, and white to symbolize bravery, loyalty, treachery, and other traits. Young male and female roles often wear light makeup, with white base and red highlights, emphasizing facial color and phoenix eyes outlined in black. Clowns feature the distinctive “tofu block” white nose, expressing humor. Costumes range from formal opera attire to lighter tea-picking outfits, often incorporating Hakka floral fabrics and patterns that reflect rural life. Overall, Hakka opera styling embodies “truth, goodness, and beauty,” reflecting the hardworking and humble spirit of the Hakka people.

Opera Makeup Practice: Opera makeup applies everyday cosmetic knowledge and techniques, transforming performers into vivid stage characters. Demonstration sessions allow students to observe and practice transforming themselves into Hakka opera figures, experiencing cultural beauty and personal achievement. Students will also learn basic opera hairstyling, engaging in hands-on practice to experience the diverse aesthetics of Hakka opera styling. Group exercises emphasize collaboration, with students completing assigned hairstyling tasks together.

Performance Training: Beyond makeup and costumes, Hakka opera relies on professional performance skills, including body movements and stage techniques. To prepare students for the final showcase, renowned Hakka opera performer and researcher Qiu Mengshan will provide on-site coaching in basic movements and hand gestures. This integration of knowledge and physical rhythm allows students to deeply experience the emotional resonance of Hakka culture.

Final Showcase: The culminating experience is a Hakka opera performance, integrating history, styling, props, and movement into a complete stage presentation. Students will perform the Hakka opera “Six States Appointing Ministers: Su Qin”, emphasizing Su Qin’s perseverance and “hard-neck” spirit during adversity. Teachers and students will collaborate in preparation, creating a valuable process of mutual learning. Professional guidance from guest instructors ensures students gain authentic knowledge and achieve strong learning outcomes.